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ecological release
Ecological release occurs when a species is introduced to an environment other than its native habitat, the foreign species will either establish a local population, or die out from the region. Invasive Species are the released species that settle into areas of lower species diversity winding up with a lack of predators,〔Losos, J.B., Queiroz, K. (1997). Evolutionary consequences of ecological release in Caribbean ''Anolis'' lizards. ''Biological Journal of the Linnean Society''. Vol. 61, pp. 459-483.〕 or simply finding an environment that suits its needs better than its home environment. Not all released species will become invasive. Most released species that don’t immediately die out tend to find a small niche in the local ecosystem.
Ecological release occurs when a species expands its niche within its own habitat or into a new habitat where there is little competition for resources, which remain abundant.〔Cox, G.W. and R.E. Ricklefs (1977). Species diversity and ecological release in Caribbean land bird faunas. Oikos 28: 113-122.〕
==Origin==
The term “ecological release” first appeared in the scientific literature in 1972 in the American Zoologist Journal discussing the effects of the introduction of a sea snail on an isolated ecosystem, Easter Island.〔Kohn, A.J. (1972). Conus-miliaris at Easter Island – ecological release of diet and habitat in an isolated population. American Zoologist 12: 712.〕 One of the first studies that linked niche shifts to the presence and absence of competitors was by Lack and Southern〔Lack, D., and H. N. Southern (1949). Birds on Tenerife. Ibis 91: 607-26.〕 where habitat broadness of song birds was positively correlated to the absence of a related species.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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